Hello friends, here in this article we will discuss Mechanical Properties of Materials so let's get started with that.
Physical Properties of Materials
- Fusibility
- Colour
- Weight
- Specific gravity
Fusibility
It is the property of a material by which it melts when external heat is applied.
Many materials are subjected to transformation in shape from solid to liquid at different temperatures.
Like Tin has a low melting temperature (232°C) and tungsten melts at a high temperature. (3370°C).
Colour
Different materials considered many types of different colours.
For example, copper is of distinctive red colour.
Mild steel is of a blue/black sheen.
Weight
Different material has a different weight.
Like aluminium, weights are lighter (specific gravity 2.8) than many others and material, like lead, is heavy (specific gravity 9).
Specific gravity
It is the ratio between the weight of metal and the weight of an equal volume of water.
List of Mechanical properties of materials
- Stiffness
- Elasticity
- Plasticity
- Ductility
- Brittleness
- Malleability
- Toughness
- Hardness
- Creep
- Fatigue
- Strength
Now let's get started with the first Mechanical property of materials that are called stiffness.
Stiffness
It is the ability of matter or substance to resist deformation under the action of loads.
Its unit is
N/mm or KN/mm
Stiffness is given by the formula
K = Load/deflection
where K is denoted stiffness.
An example of stiffness is spring in which when we applied loads than it opposes deforming and after removing loads it sustain its original shape.
Elasticity
It's a property by which a material changes its shape when the load is applied and will regain its original shape when a load is removed.
So this is the definition of elasticity it means when we apply a load like for example, a rubber if I am applying a load over this if I'm pulling this rubber then its shape will change and the moment I remove the load it will come back to its original shape that is meaning of elasticity.
Elasticity is measured by a term called young's modulus or modulus of elasticity and
its unit will be given by
N/mm^2
or
KN/mm^2
So this was regarding elasticity Young's modulus decides how elastic is for example if Young's modulus is very high it means that is very elastic if Young's modulus value is less it means that it will behave in a less elastic manner.
Plasticity
It is a property of a material that enables it to undergo permanent deformation at certain stages of working.
It means you are in case of plasticity will not gain it is not able to regain its original shape like for example a thin iron rod.
If I am applying a load and pulling this rod then its shape will change and the moment I remove the load it will not regain its original shape means when the load was applied shape has changed that change in shape will remain permanently so we have understood that plasticity is nothing but it is permanent.
For example, through the forging process, the permanent deformation achieves a particular shape.
As the material is unable to regain its original shape so it comes under the category of permanent deformation.
Ductility
It is a property by which a matter or substance can be drawn into wires without breaking.
Whatever wires we are saying like in case of electrical connection those wires with the help of which they are made it is called as a ductile so here I can say that ductile have ability when the load is applied material will elongate it will change its shape.
For example,
Copper wires are used in electric cables.
Brittleness
It is a property by which a material resists heavy loads when smoothly applied, they will readily break at any point.
So brittle are those in which when we are applying load either they can break suddenly or cracks would be developed in that substances.
For example, if we are having concrete and we apply tensile force if you're trying to pull concrete then it will break suddenly.
Similarly, if there is wood when we are pulling that it can break suddenly on the application of load.
Malleability
It is properties by which metals are able to be beaten for converted into thin sheets.
So here I have written about malleability it is a property by which metals are able to be beaten or converted into thin sheets.
Toughness
It is a property of material due to which it has the ability to resist fractures due to high impact loads.
Toughness is decreased when the material is heated.
It means that toughness is by which is able to resist shock or impact loading.
Hardness
It is a property of a material by which it can resist scratches, marks or wear and tear.
This is regarding hardness that it is by which is able to resist scratches marks or wear and tear.
Hardness is not dependent on material weight.
That means hardness is independent of the weight of a substance.
Creep
It is the ability of a material to resist high or extremely high temperatures.
So as from definition I think it is very much clear that any which is able to resist a high amount of temperature that we will say that it creeps resistance and if it changes its shape when the temperature is high then it would be called as it is not able to resist high temperature
An example where we require creep resistance like IC engines that is internal combustion engines next to boilers and furnaces, steam turbines require creep resistance.
Fatigue
It is the property of a material to resist repeatable & fluctuating load.
It means if we have a machine or an element on which load is repeatable that is repeated in a cycle and also it is fluctuating load is constantly changing from minimum value to maximum value then what happens material would be fatigue and it will break.
So here I can say that IC engines that are internal combustion engines are constantly under fatigue.
Strength
Strength is the ability of a material to withstand a load without fracture.
I hope that you all like these topics Mechanical properties of materials if any queries you can ask me by comment or mail I definitely replied.
FAQ for Mechanical Properties of Materials
Which property of a solid sustain shock load without permanent deformation?
Toughness is the properties of solid materials which has a tendency to sustain shock load without any permanent deformation.
What is the property of a material to resist permanent indentation?
To resist the permanent indentation property of the material is hardness.
Is the property that enables a material to withstand shock and to deform without rupturing?
The property of materials that has enables a material to withstand shock without rupturing is that toughness.
What material can be permanently deformed without breaking?
Material that has properties of plasticity can be deformed permanently without breaking.
Is stress a material property?
Stress is a resistance offered by a body or any material when any type of external force is applied to it.
So, we can say that stress is not a material property.
0 Comments